LÂ’UOMO INCOMPLETO



Il visconte si chiama Medardo e viene da Terralba. Arriva in Boemia accompagnato dallo scudiero e si presenta all’imperatore che lo nomina subito tenente. Adesso Medardo è pronto per combattere i Turchi nel grande esercito cristiano.

Fin qui si potrebbe dire che agisce la metà buona di Medardo. Ma la definizione è incerta: Medardo è in quell’età in cui ogni nuova esperienza, anche macabra e inumana, è tutta trepida e calda d'amore per la vita.
Di sicuro c’è che dopo la battaglia si capirà man mano che a salvarsi è stata la metà cattiva.


”Le avventure del Barone Münchhausen”, regia di Terry Gilliam, 1988.

Il giorno dopo Medardo finisce quasi subito disarcionato perché il suo cavallo è squartato dalle truppe nemiche. Il visconte non si perde d’animo e sfodera tutto il suo coraggio: si spinge fin sotto le linee nemiche dove prende una cannonata in pieno petto che se lo porta via.

Ora, se il barone di Münchhausen le palle di cannone riusciva a cavalcarle, Medardo non è ancora così abile: il colpo lo sventra. Lo dimezza:
gli mancava un braccio e una gamba, non solo, restava un occhio, un orecchio, mezza guancia, mezzo naso, mezza bocca.



Tornato a Terralba, drappeggiato in un mantello nero che vorrebbe mascherare la metà mancante (in senso longitudinale, la cannonata ha avuto effetto insolito), Medardo è ormai diventato il Gramo.
Perché s’è salvata la sua parte cattiva, la sua metà no, quella più nera, la destra: e così adesso è crudele, efferato, si lascia andare ai soprusi, vessa e tiranneggia i suoi sudditi.

Finché a Terralba non compare l’altra metà di Medardo, la sinistra, quella buona, a volte un po’ noiosa, perfino esasperante. Anche questa seconda metà, per quanto buona, è ‘disumana’.
Novelli dottor Jeckyll e Mr Hyde, le due metà finiscono con lo sfidarsi a duello per il cuore di una pulzella, si affettano e trafiggono vicendevolmente per finire sotto i sapienti ferri del dottor Trelawney che li ricuce insieme e ricostituisce un corpo unico fatto di due metà.


”Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde” regia di Rouben Mamoulian con Fredric March, 1931.

Calvino usa una lingua semplice, precisa, leggera come una delle sue celebri sei lezioni americane, senza orpelli, ridondanze, preziosismi, senza metafore, con descrizioni ridotte allÂ’osso.
Questo romanzo breve insieme al barone rampante e al cavaliere inesistente fanno parte della cosiddetta trilogia calviniana degli antenati e fanno parte della mia infanzia, adolescenza e maturità, rendendomeli tutti e tre particolarmente cari.

In medio stat virtus, difficile ignorare lÂ’insegnamento, che tra messaggio morale e lingua particolarmente adatta sembra fatto apposta per avvicinare grandi e piccini.


LÂ’uomo incompletoitaliana233 s Ahmad Sharabiani9,564 148

Il Visconte Dimezzato = The Cloven Viscount (I nostri antenati #1), Italo Calvino

The Cloven Viscount is a fantasy novel, written by Italo Calvino. It was first published by Einaudi (Turin) in 1952 and in English in 1962 by William Collins, with a translation by Archibald Colquhoun.

The Viscount Medardo of Terralba and his squire Kurt ride across the plague-ravaged plain of Bohemia en route to join the Christian army in the Turkish wars of the seventeenth century.

On the first day of fighting, a Turkish swordsman unhorses the inexperienced Viscount. Fearless, he scrambles over the battlefield with sword bared, and is split in two by a cannonball hitting him square in the chest.

As a result of the injury, Viscount Medardo becomes two people: Gramo (the Bad) and Buono (the Good). The army field doctors save Gramo through a stitching miracle; the Viscount is "alive and cloven".

With one eye and a dilated single nostril, he returns to Terralba, twisting the half mouth of his half face into a scissors- half smile. Meanwhile, a group of hermits find Buono in the midst of a pile of dead bodies.

They tend to him and he recovers. After a long pilgrimage, Buono returns home. There are now two Viscounts in Terralba. Gramo lives in the castle, Buono lives in the forest. Gramo causes damage and pain, Buono does good deeds.

Pietrochiodo, the carpenter, is more adept at building guillotines for Gramo than the machines requested by Buono. Eventually, the villagers dis both viscounts, as Gramo's malevolence provokes hostility and Buono's altruism provokes uneasiness.

Pamela, the peasant, prefers Buono to Gramo, but her parents want her to marry Gramo. She is ordered to consent to Gramo's marriage proposal.

On the day of the wedding, Pamela marries Buono, because Gramo arrives late. Gramo challenges Buono to a duel to decide who shall be Pamela's husband. As a result, they are both severely wounded. ...

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????? ?????? ????? 15/07/1399???? ???????? 23/06/1400???? ???????? ?. ??????? Vit Babenco1,557 4,341

The Cloven Viscount is a clever and extraordinary fable of good and evilÂ…
War is ever hungryÂ… However much cannon fodder it devours it canÂ’t be satedÂ…
The Viscount Medardo had heard that in those parts a flight of storks was thought a good omen; and he wanted to seem pleased at the sight. But in spite of himself he felt worried.
‘What can draw such birds to a battlefield, Kurt?’ he asked.
‘They eat human flesh too nowadays,’ replied the squire, ‘since the fields have been stripped, by famine and the rivers dried by drought. Vultures and crows have now given place to storks and flamingos and cranes.’
The Viscount goes to warÂ… But on the very second day a cannonball blows him in halfÂ…
Pulling away the sheet, there lay the ViscountÂ’s body, horribly mutilated. It not only lacked an arm and leg, but the whole thorax and abdomen between that arm and leg had been swept away by the direct hit. All that remained of the head was one eye, one ear, one cheek, half a nose, half a mouth, half a chin and half a forehead; the other half of the head was just not there. The long and short of it was that exactly half of him had been saved, the right part, perfectly preserved, without a scratch on it except for that huge slash separating it from the left-hand part, which had been blown away.
The miracle happens and the half of the Viscount survivesÂ… But it is an evil halfÂ… He returns home and starts doing evilÂ… He entertains himself with hanging, killing, arson and all other sorts of villainyÂ…
‘I was whole and all things were natural and confused to me, stupid as the air; I thought I was seeing all and it was only the outside rind. If you ever become a half of yourself, and I hope you do for your own sake, my boy, you’ll understand things beyond the common intelligence of brains that are whole. You’ll have lost half of yourself and of the world, but the remaining half will be a thousand times deeper and more precious. And you also would find yourself wanting everything to be halved you, as there’s beauty and knowledge and justice only in what’s been cut to shreds.’
Man can be considered a human being only when he is whole.143 s Nayra.Hassan1,259 5,961

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https://www.goodreads.com/review/show...classic fantasy139 s Glenn Russell1,427 12.4k Read




"My uncle was then in his first youth, the age in which confused feelings, not yet sifted, all rush into good and bad, the age in which every new experience, even macabre and inhuman, is palpitating and warm with love of life." Vittore Carpaccio's 1510 painting, Young Knight in a Landscape, could have been an illustration for this Italo Calvino quote taken from the first pages of The Cloven Viscount, at a time in the story prior to a Turkish cannon firing a cannonball that split the poor Viscount down the middle, leaving him with a right half and a left half.

Italo Calvino's short novel holds much in common with traditional Italian folktales the great author loved so dearly. Also affinity with the fairy tales from the Brothers Grim. In the spirit of Hansel and Gretel and Iron John, a twelve-page retelling of The Cloven Viscount would make a lovely Grim -style tale for all ages.

Published in 1952 when the author was thirty-years-old, The Cloven Viscount is a 100-page gem of fabulist literature, a macabre fantasy about a young Italian aristocrat, Viscount Medardo of Terralba, made Lieutenant in the war against the Turks and, after the aforementioned cannonball cloves the Viscount in two, his evil half returns to his homeland whereupon he goes on a rampage, murdering or torturing anybody and anything he can put his one hand on. The good half eventually arrives and, following all varieties of drama, there's a climatic duel producing an unanticipated result: the two half-Viscounts are stitched back together into a whole man leading to a happily ever after ending.

The tale is narrated though the eyes of the Viscount's young nephew and addresses a number of highly provocative, philosophical themes. Here's a number I count among my favorites:

Status and Rank: The young Viscount knows nothing of battle or war, yet he is made Lieutenant solely on his being an aristocrat. The consequences are dire: the guy doesnÂ’t have the brains not to stand directly in front of a cannon. wise, when his evil half perpetrates atrocities back home in Terralba, men and women still call him the Viscount as if his rank at birth entitles him to act above the law and a basic sense of decency. Italo Calvino lived through the rein of Il Duce and Italian Fascism. Perhaps the authorÂ’s novella serves as a warning of what can happen when leaders Mussolini go unchecked.

The Nature of Good and Evil: Many are the examples of the Viscount committing acts of pure evil: torturing animals, murdering small children, burning homes to derive pleasure from the suffering of others. Yet references and allusions are also given that matters are not quit so simple - in nature there is always a mingling of opposites. Frequently Italo Calvino put me in mind of the Chinese ying-yang: the black half containing a circle of white and the white half containing a circle of black.

To take one vivid example of the interconnectedness and complementariness between human and animal, Italo Calvino describes a horrific scene during the plague: “Over the bare plain were scattered tangled heaps of men’s and women’s corpses, naked, covered with plague boils, and, inexplicably at first, with feathers, as if those skinny legs and ribs had grown black feathers and wings. These were the carcasses of vultures mingled with human remains.”

Knowledge and Expertise: At one point old carpenter Pietrochiodo tells the young narrator about the instruments of torture and death he has constructed with such expertise: “Just forget the purpose for which they’re used and look at them as pieces of mechanism. You see how fine they are?” One can only wonder at how many morally upstanding craftsman and scientists have applied their great knowledge only to see the products of their expertise used by leaders to cause unspeakable suffering on humanity. A number of critics reviewing The Cloven Viscount have referenced the case of J. Robert Oppenheimer and the atomic bomb.

Nature of Artists and Writers: Is the Viscount’s eight-year-old nephew a stand in for artists and writers during a reign of terror – a perceptive observer but someone denied any true power? At the tale’s conclusion, the narrator even misses his chance to leave the country via ship since at the time of the ships’ departure he was deep in the woods telling himself stories. Ah, those artists and writers!

Love, Sweet Love: Beautiful country lass Pamela with her goats and sheep and flowers becomes the object of love first for the Viscount and then for his good other half. But what is the full range of Eros when a man, even as a member of the nobility, is only half a man? By the way, at no point in the tale do we read of the raunchy humor of having a half-penis.

Half-ness and Wholeness: “If you ever become a half of yourself, and I hope you do for your own sake, my boy, you will understand things beyond the common intelligence of brains that are whole.” This as part of a philosophic soliloquy when the Viscount speaks to his nephew. As I was reading, I had to ask myself: When was the last time I encountered a person whole in any way?

As humans not only are we all cut in half as per the speech of Aristophanes in PlatoÂ’s Symposium, where Aristophanes recounts how we all were once happy, rollicking, cartwheeling and round, complete with four arms and four legs but the gods became jealous and cut us in half. Thus we move through life forever searching for our other half. Added to this, we humans are cut again into quarters: we are all kicked out of the present moment, forever reflecting back on the past and projecting into the future. And yet again, we suffer a third whack, this time not so much a cut as a squash: modern commercial society squashes us in the sense that we are forever comparing ourselves unfavorably to those men and women or children presented by mass media as the ideal.

So here we are: halved, quartered and squashed. And the Viscount judges us whole? Now that is truly twisted thinking! Good thing for all around the Viscounts were sewed together in the storyÂ’s final pages. It might not be a 100% happily ever after ending but as humans it might be as good as it gets.


The maestro's view atop the world, Italo Calvino, 1923-1985108 s Mohamed El-shandidy129 452

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